Efeito da época de semeadura em cultivares de soja na região centro-oeste

Abstract

The soy (Glycine max (L.) Merril) is a legume of wide importance in both agriculture and cooking, worldwide. The use of genotypes adapted to the place of cultivation is one of the most important cultural practices and can assist in the productive performance of soybeans. The sowing time refers to the set of environmental factors interacting with each other and with the plants, which can affect the agronomic components and final grain production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the sowing season on the agronomic traits of soybean cultivars, in the Midwest region of Brazil. The experiment was carried out in the 2020/2021 harvest, with the sowing of 5 soy bean cultivars AGN 8019 IPRO, Desafio RR, HO Juruena IPRO, M 8210 IPRO and ST 834 IPRO, at the Rio Verde Foundation for Technological Research and Development (MT). The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with four replications. The determination of the agronomic potential was done at random, with 10 plants of the useful area of​​each plot, investigating the components: plant height, heigh to insertion of the first pod, number of days until flowering, cycle, mass of a thousand grains and productivity. There was wide variability between cultivars, with regard to morphological and yield components. Even so, factors such as shorter cycle duration and higher grain yield are positively related to sowing in the second half of October. With the sowing carried out in the first season, the cultivars HO Juruena IPRO, M 8210 IPRO and ST 832 IPRO were the most productive compared AGN 8019 IPRO and Desafio RR, but obtained later cycles, reduction in plant height and insertion of the first pod. However, the cultivars HO Juruena IPRO and M 8210 IPRO remained with the highest yields, in the second season sowing, which facilitates the realization of a second harvest. There was an effect of the sowing time on the plant height, cycle and productivity characteristics. Therefore, when sown on 10/29 during the 2020/21 season, the varieties expressed higher plant heights, good cycle duration and better yields.