Avaliação de antioxidantes naturais e sintéticos na estabilidade oxidativa de biodiesel de macaúba (Acrocomia Aculeata)

Abstract

This work is about the evaluation of processing methyl oxidative biodiesel from macaúba, with and without natural and synthetic antioxidants. The biodiesel was obtained from the transesterification of the macaúba’s almond oil and using p-toluenesulfonic as a catalyst. It could be verified through thermogravimetric analysis the ester content in the biodiesel. The biodiesel obtained thru the transesterification of the macaúba’s almond oil was subjected to accelerated tests of thermal degradation for a period of 6 hours at 150 ° C and the oxidation test in the stove for 30 days at 65 ° C with the following BHT concentrations: 100, 500, 1000 and 5000. The acidity index results, peroxide, iodine and IV spectroscopy in the region showed that both oxidation methods were capable of degrading biodiesel and demonstrated that the BHT was able to minimize oxidation of biodiesel only at a concentration of 5000 ppm. Trials with β-naphthol and extract phenolics from grape pomace were performed using the accelerated degradation tests. The tests with samples containing β-naphthol were carried out using concentrations of 1000 and 5000 ppm of the antioxidant and at both concentrations the β-naphthol has the potential to inhibit oxidation of the samples, with the best results attributed to concentration of 5000 ppm. Grape pomace extract was obtained by extracting in a Soxhlet and ultrasound .The extract obtained by Soxhlet was subjected to tests using concentrations of 1000 and 5000 ppm equivalent of phenolic compounds, it was also prepared a sample with 5000 ppm of extract obtained by extraction by ultrasound. The results for this test showed that the extracts were not effective in inhibit oxidation in samples. Between rehearsals with the extract of 5000 ppm ultrasound showed the lowest acidity index, peroxide and iodine. Study with the use of this antioxidant in higher concentrations is relevant. Finally when comparing all antioxidants analyzed, β-naphthol was considered the most effective.