Macroinvertebrados bentônicos e infiltração da água no solo em uma microbacia de primeira ordem no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu

Abstract

The Unities of Nature Conservation are territorial spaces destined to the protection and conservation of the natural resources, among then, the National Parks are considered one of their most important categories. The Iguassu National Park, located in the West region of the State of Parana, is considered as an environmental reference for studies that may provide subsidies for the development of monitoring programs and for the settling of actions for environmental recovering. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the benthic macroinvertebrates and their relation to the water quality, besides investigate the dynamics of water in soil. The study area matches a catchment basin where the Stream of Boa Vista is inserted, located in the North portion of the Iguassu National Park, in the region of Céu Azul city. Throughout this stream course, points were selected for the application of the quick evaluation protocol of the habitat diversity; for the collect and analysis of the water and sediment physicochemical parameters e; for the sampling collect for the identification of thebenthic fauna. In this catchment basin, eight trials have been conducted with Guelph permeameter to verify the water infiltration speed and the soil hydraulics conductivity. The points where the ecological assessment protocol was applied were classified as natural extracts. The analyzed sediments showed little variation among the percentage of sand, silt and clay, however, they were found different values for organic matter. The analyses of physical and chemical parameters showed little change over the period studied. Were found 2282 benthic macroinvertebrates, distributed in 36 families of 9 different orders, having as more abundant the Chironomidae. The evaluation of the ecological groups showed that 46,67% of the individuals are collectors, followed by the shredders with 25,46%. The values obtained by the application indexes indicated a diversity of organisms, where the water temperature and precipitation were the variables most correlated with changes in the benthic community. The trials of the water infiltration presented high speeds of infiltration and variations of soil hydraulic conductivity, features of the forestry areas.