Pitangueira em pomar: sistema de condução e forma de obtenção da muda

Abstract

Surinam cherry (E. uniflora L.), is a native Brazilian specie belonging to the Myrtaceae family, being propagated basically by seeds. However, this method does not allow the formation of uniform orchards. The propagation of Surinam cherry tree by minicutting has shown promising results, but it still needs studies in relation to the performance of these plants when introduced in commercial orchards. Associated with the propagation method, it is necessary to evaluate training systems that allow the plants to perform to the maximum the fruit production, with easiness in the execution of the handling. The objective of this work was to evaluate different training systems in the initial behavior of Surinam cherry tree in an orchard, formed by propagated seedlings from seeds or minicuttings, using different light intensities. The environments with different light intensities were in black screen with 35%, 50% and 80% of shading, red photoconverting screen of 35% and full sun. The driving systems used consisted of tree free training, central leader and open vase. A randomized block design was used, in a 3 x 5 factorial (training systems x seedling formation environment), with repetitions that varied between 2 and 4 plants. The plants were evaluated for frost tolerance, growth attributes among the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. In addition, the phenology of the plants and the physical and chemical qualities of the fruits were evaluated. In general, plants in free training showed the best results, regardless of the type of seedling formation and propagation method. Seedlings from 50% and 35% shading environments in black presented better performance in the first years. Plants from minicuttings did not show differences in the quality of their fruits, regardless of the factors analyzed, which can be attributed to the genetic uniformity present.