A Física nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: uma análise de documentos curriculares orientadores da rede municipal de ensino de Curitiba

Abstract

This work aims to analyze the changes present in the curriculum documents adopted by schools in the municipal network of Curitiba in the last thirty years, especially those related to Science Teaching in the early years, with a focus on Physics contents. This is qualitative research of the documentary type, and the material evaluated corresponds to the following documents: the Basic Curriculum of Public Schools in the State of Paraná (1990), the National Curriculum Parameters – teaching from 1st to 4th grades (1997) and the Curriculum of Elementary School of Curitiba (2016). For data analysis, the Discursive Textual Analysis methodology was used to construct the analysis categories. As a result, it was observed that the knowledge of Physics is present in the three documents, but they gain greater emphasis and articulation with interdisciplinary approaches in the most recent documents. Furthermore, it was possible to understand the contribution of the historical context in the construction of curricula and to identify the curricular theories that permeate each document. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the initial and continuing education of teachers who work in the initial grades of elementary school, só that they can also address Physics in the body of knowledge in Natural Sciences.