Metodologia para mitigação dos impactos na rede elétrica de distribuição com alto grau de penetração de geração distribuída fotovoltaica

Abstract

The high penetration of distributed generation systems, especially photovoltaic systems, can negatively impact the quality of energy in distribution systems. One of the main aspects monitored is related to voltage disturbances along the feeder. Many studies can be found in the literature addressing these impacts on distribution systems. In general, the impacts on power quality in strong networks are well known. However, in most of these studies, results are not presented based on real data from a consumer unit at the minigeneration level. Still, most studies consider data from electric networks in countries with different characteristics from those found in most of Brazil. In Brazil, especially in the interior, it is common to find extensions with long rural stretches in distribution systems, which often ends up characterizing a weak network. Studies evaluating the impacts of photovoltaic systems at the mini-generation level based on real measurements of energy consumption, generation and quality over long branches, with load distribution and nonhomogeneous generation, have not been fully established in the literature. To fill this gap, this master’s thesis proposes the installation of an integrated measurement system, to monitor the flow of power and energy quality in the internal low voltage network of the consumer unit that receives a photovoltaic mini-generation system. The survey of the single-line diagram and inventory of loads and the respective consumption profiles will also be carried out. Then, the analysis of the measured data is made to compare the main quantities of energy quality, before and after the implementation of energy efficiency actions and the transformation of the consumer unit into a consumer. Then a methodology is developed to characterize the electrical network and obtain the electrical parameters of that network. The developed method is generic and can be applied in any distribution network. The impacts that the photovoltaic system and energy efficiency actions cause on the low voltage network of the consumer unit are evaluated. In addition, ways of operating the generation systems installed in networks with high GD penetration that can mitigate the impacts caused by them will be suggested. Actual measurement and simulation results are presented to validate the theory presented.