Aplicação do método AHP associado ao Design for Safety para a redução dos riscos de acidente de trabalho na construção de edifícios

Abstract

The concept of developing the project with focus on safety for users that has been disseminated since the 90s, Design for Safety (DFS), applied to Civil Construction, shows that the market has been more concerned with Health and Occupational Safety (OHS). However, thinking about design solutions can be complex, when human subjects are dealt with, a degree of difficulty is evident in the classification of characteristics, when being evaluated analytically, a systemic and comprehensive approach is necessary for decision making. The complexity in decision making comes from situations that contemplate multiple alternatives for the selected criteria. Thus, the Analityc Hierarchy Process (AHP) proves to be an important tool for decision making, even in the design phase, for the risks of accidents at work in civil construction. In view of these facts, the present work involved the application of the AHP method associated with the DFS to assist in decision making in the choice of safety devices to reduce the risk of accidents at work in height in the construction of buildings. In this way, it was identified the activities associated with work at height that the case study, a fourteen-story residential building, would require to be done. With the analysis of the architectural project, the non-conformities to the DFS principles associated with work at height were confirmed and, with the activities identified, it was possible to define the criteria and sub-criteria of the AHP. Through eight analyses of the multidisciplinary team involved in the project, a ninth analysis with the geometric mean of the grades served to rank the activities. In order to consider the views of Architecture, Engineering and OHS, the involvement of all professionals associated with the enterprise can be promoted. This served as input for the selection of existing PTD requirements as a suggestion for incorporating them into the work in question, considering execution and maintenance. From then on, the work, in a sociotechnical vision, makes designers, administrators and executors co-responsible for OSH decisions and measures.