Avaliação do potencial de aplicação dos preceitos da logística reversa de resíduos sólidos ao setor da construção civil em Curitiba, Paraná

Abstract

Despite the significant representativeness of the construction sector in the economy, the management of solid waste generated by the sector is still a challenge in most Brazilian municipalities. Construction and Demoliton Waste (CDW) is generated in activities related to the construction, trade and construction materials industry. The CDW when not properly treated and destined besides causing environmental impacts can affect directly or indirectly the health, safety and welfare of the population, interfering in social and economic activities and the quality of environmental resources. In this context, reverse logistics is seen as one of the alternatives for proper waste management, when well planned and executed. Reverse logistics is provided for in Law 12.305/2010, which deals with the National Policy on Solid Waste (NPSW). However, the implementation of reverse logistics is still a challenge for some sectors due to the difficulties inherent in this system and the lack of information regarding operationalization and regulation. In view of this difficulty, this paper aims to evaluate the potential of applying the reverse logistics precepts to the civil construction sector in the city of Curitiba and to propose a conceptual model, highlighting the responsibilities of the main participants in the civil construction production chain. In the first stage of the research, professionals of construction industry were selected to answer, with the help of the Delphi technique, a questionnaire elaborated based on the literature review, in order to select relevant criteria to compose a reverse logistics system to the civil construction sector. In the first round of Delphi, the participants decided on the relevance of the criteria chosen to compose the reverse logistics system and in the second round a multicriteria analysis was carried out with the aid of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to weight and hierarchize the criteria selected. The results were analyzed in the BPMS AHP Excel tool and exported through graphs. In this stage of the research it was demonstrated that the application of Delphi questionnaire in conjunction with the AHP helps the decision making of the agents of the civil construction productive chain. The results point out the importance of the collaborative relationship between customers and suppliers in the return of materials and possible barriers that may hinder the operation of the reverse logistics system in the construction sector, such as a lack of government support, population awareness and a low incentive to CDW reuse. In the stage of idealization and elaboration of the conceptual model, with Free Mind tool, it was possible to highlight the potential of applying the reverse logistics precepts among the main agents of the civil construction production chain in Curitiba. The proposed model assists in understanding the flow of materials in the reverse logistics system and the responsibilities of each service provider in the execution of activities related to civil construction, including the management of CDW, besides compliance with NPSW and minimization of environmental impacts.