Mercado institucional, segurança alimentar e nutricional e agricultura familiar: um estudo de caso do município de Almirante Tamandaré

Abstract

The guarantee of Food and Nutritional Security (SAN) and the Human Right to Adequate Food and Nutrition (DHANA) of the population depends on the sustainable production of diversified and healthy foods. Family farming is the segment responsible for most of the food for domestic consumption, in addition to being the one with the greatest potential to incorporate sustainable practices into its production activities. The uncertain scenario brought by the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the relevance, in the national context, of public policies promoting SAN, such as the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), which enable the access of family farmers to the institutional market. Given the important role played by family farmers in the food supply of Brazilians, contributing to the promotion of SAN and DHANA, it is essential to analyze the impact of access to the institutional market on the SAN conditions of family farmers themselves. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to analyze the SAN of family farmers in the municipality of Almirante Tamandaré and its relationship with access to the institutional market, as well as to verify the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to the institutional market and its conditions of SAN. To this end, the integrative literature review and the case study were adopted as methodological procedures. The field research was developed through interviews guided by a semistructured script accompanied by observation and field diary records, in a qualiquantitative approach. For the presentation and analysis of the results, content analysis combined with a descriptive statistical analysis of the data was used. The analysis of the interviewees SAN was carried out through the socioeconomic, demographic, health, nutritional status and food consumption dimensions. It was evident that the access of family farmers interviewed to the institutional market had a positive impact on their SAN conditions, by enabling the generation and improvement of income, guarantee of work and production flow, productive diversification and, consequently, a greater variety of consumed foods. On the other hand, the COVID- 19 pandemic had negative effects on the interviewees SAN conditions by making it impossible to supply their productions to the local institutional market, mainly to the PNAE. In addition, it caused concern in relation to the sale of their products, increased production waste and a reduction in the diversity of foods purchased for consumption by the interviewees families. Among the 20 respondents, 10 were classified by the food dimension in Food Security and 9 in Mild Food Insecurity related to the concern generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. One farmer was classified as Moderate Food Insecurity, corroborating the precarious findings of other socioeconomic and demographic conditions, such as access to goods and services, education, and low family income, in addition to insufficient food consumption conditions. There was no relationship between the nutritional status and housing conditions of this farmer with the Food and Nutritional Insecurity (INSAN) experienced. However, there was a relationship between their INSAN and exclusion from accessing the institutional market.