Tratamento da água e análise da mutagenicidade da população da Vila Rural Água Viva-Francisco Beltrão-PR, ambientalmente exposta a agroquímicos

Abstract

The excessive use of agrochemicals through occupational exposure of farmers and environmental exposure of the general population, especially those residing in regions close to agricultural areas, began to receive attention due to their harmful effects on human health. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the mutagenicity of the cells of the oral mucosa of the population of Vila Rural Água Viva (Francisco Beltrão-Paraná-Brazil), environmentally exposed to agrochemicals, and to evaluate the removal of 2,4-D from water contaminated by adsorption with activated carbon. The data show that there were statistically significant differences between the control group (not exposed) and the population of Vila Rural regarding the cytotoxicity data (by analyzing the cells that led to cell death - condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, karyolytic or pyknotic) and mutagenicity (by analyzing the cells that caused clastogenic and aneugenic lesions - micronucleus, nuclear buds or binucleated). There was no significant change at a statistical level between the average relative frequencies of the community's cytotoxicity and mutagenicity data whether divided between persistent and non-persistent or practitioners of physical activities or not. It was also observed that age or time of exposure to agrochemicals did not show a linear relationship with the average relative frequencies of cytotoxicity data (age - p value = 0.08, r2 = 0.221; time of contact with agrochemicals - p value = 0.221 , r2 = 0.117) and mutagenicity (age - p value = 0.613, r2 = 0.02; time of contact with agrochemicals - p value = 0.103 r2 = 0.205), indicating that the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the oral mucosa of the population of Vila Rural it is related to the environmental exposure to agrochemicals. In fact, the analysis of the water samples from the community showed that these contained, in addition to a high content of total coliforms, turbidity and organic load, the presence of the 2,4-D agrochemical, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The chromatographic method was shown to be linear (r2 = 0.9952), precise (with maximum value of the variation coefficient of 1.80%) and exact (between 80 - 120%). Preliminary adsorption tests, to remove 2,4-D from water samples, showed that the conditions that favor this process were: pH 2. In the equilibrium and kinetic tests, it was found that the Elovich kinetic model (r2 = 0.974) was the best model that described the adsorption of 2,4-D and that the isotherms of Redlich Peterson (r2 = 0.986), Temkin (r2 = 0.986) and Toth (r2 = 0.988) obtained the coefficient of variation very close, being adequate to describe the experimental data of equilibrium of the adsorption of 2,4-D with activated carbon, with maximum adsorption capacity of 252,758 mg g-1. It is hoped that the results of the present study will assist in guiding the dangers and damages to health and the environment arising from the use and exposure to agrochemicals, as well as the importance of the treatment of drinking water.