Modelo matemático de integração pelo lado da demanda: adequação do contrato de fornecimento e avaliação do uso de geração própria de energia elétrica

Abstract

The need to optimize the energy resources use is increasingly evident and electric energy stands out as a fundamental input for the society development. Since the end of the 1970s, the Demand Side Management term (DSM) has been used in works that, basically, relate the generation (by the utility) and the electricity consumption management (by the consumer). In a complementary way, the Demand Side Integration term (DSI) has been incorporated into this analysis context in view of the possibility of energy generation by the consumer and the eventual integration of this generation into the utility's grid. Thus, with a DSI context, this work develops a mathematical model in Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) that considers own generation connected to the utility's grid to minimize the annual expense related to the electricity use. Based on the consumption and demand profile, related to the utility's tariffs and the own generation cost, the model is able to estimate electricity expenses for one next twelve-month period. In addition to indicating the ideal condition for the demand contract, the model indicates the optimal hourly use, for working days and weekends, in all months, of each evaluated alternative source. We highlight the analysis for the use of alternative and intermittent sources that are already installed in the consumer unit, or that are being analyzed for purchase or rent. For the model application example, real data from a consumer unit (consumption and demand records), generation cost, values for purchase and equipment rental were used. The results indicate that the own generation use, at the specific times indicated by the model, can cause on significant savings for the consumer. The mathematical model proved to be a tool for analyzing the feasibility of using alternative sources (whether already installed, evaluated for the purchased or for rent). The obtained solution promotes the expenses reduction related to the electricity use, either by reducing consumption and performing peak demand cuts, or by reviewing (adjusting) the energy supply contract.