O fenômeno das empresas unicórnios brasileiras por Bock e Hackober

Abstract

Entrepreneurship, with the rising of globalization and technological development, started to have high levels of competitiveness. Thus, companies have become obliged to invest more and more in innovative products, operations and services. In this way, investments started to be distributed to develop disruptive technologies. With that, it was possible to visualize a rapid and exponential growth of technological companies, and thus, the phenomenon of unicorn companies emerged. In this sense, through quantitative and qualitative research, this study aimed to describe the emergence of this phenomenon, describing the ecosystem of global and brazilian unicorns. In the case of unicorn companies from Brazil, the study analyzed and compared the 11 startups considered so far, unicorns, with the hypotheses that was related for the emergence of new unicorns raised by Bock and Hackober (2020). Of the four hypotheses identified by the authors, three were deepened in this research: innovation clusters, Corporate Venture Capital investments and inorganic growth strategies. Through this study, it was possible to conclude that, although unicorn companies are distributed in 34 countries, the USA and China still dominate around 72% of these companies. In addition, from 2019 to 2021, Brazil had an increase of 550% in quantity and 769% in value of unicorn companies. Regarding the hypotheses of Bock and Hackober, of the 11 companies studied only 1 does not fit into any of the three. Eight of these companies are located in the city of São Paulo, which was considered as the economic cluster in Brazil, as it offers unique conditions for entrepreneurship.