Purificação alternativa de biodiesel obtido a partir de óleo residual de assadores de frango comerciais

Abstract

The alternative process of purification for biodiesel has been extensively studied because the traditional methods employed require water for successive washing and centrifugation steps thus generating a large volume of effluents. The purification with recoverable materials, like ion exchange resins has been shown to be efficient in the context of the reduction of water consumption and the consequent decrease in the effluents generated. The present work has the goal getting methyl biodiesel, through basic transesterification using as raw material residual oil from chicken roasters and subsequent purification, using an alternative process, followed by analysis of the products obtained. The biodiesel was obtained through the alkaline transesterification of residual oil from chicken roasters and a mixture of methanol and 1,5% of KOH (molar ratio 1:6). The purification was carried out using elution processes through columns with sodium sulfate, to eliminate moisture, ion exchange resins to eliminate excess catalysts and activated carbon to eliminate free fatty acids. After this steps of purification, physical-chemical analyzes were carried out to assess the efficiency of the purification methods employed: gas chromatography to check the concentrations of methyl esters present in the samples, volumetry neutralization for assessing the acidity index, flash point for detection of methanol residues and atomic absorption spectrometry to verify the existence of catalyst residues. The results obtained showed that the methods used were efficient leaving the samples tested according to the parameters required by the ANP, like the acidity below 0,50mg KOH g-1, flash point in the range 179 ºC, absence of catalyst and total concentration of methyl esters in the range of 927 mg g-1.