Influência das variáveis PISA, IDH e PIB no ranqueamento de universidades de um país no Times Higher Education (THE) 2020

Abstract

Goal: To assess the influence of the variables nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI), and the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) on the existence of world-class universities in a country. Method: The variables contained in the Times Higher Education (THE) ranking and variables that represent attributes of a country (GDP, PISA, and HDI) were utilized in a DEA-SBM model to determine the performance indices of ranked universities. The Tobit regression model was employed to verify which factors (inputs and outputs) significantly affect the performance indices and the White test was applied to verify data heteroskedasticity. Results: United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Italy concentrate 52,78% of the universities ranked in THE. United States (18 - 30%) and United Kingdom (6 - 10%) contain 24 of the 60 universities with performance 1. In the set of countries with more than five world-class universities, the lowest score in the analyzed variables were PISA score of 476, a GDP equal or higher than 18 billion dollars, and an HDI equal or higher than 0.873 (very high). Conclusion: GDP, PISA, and HDI variables influence the existence of a set of world-class universities in one country.