Análise físico-química dos óleos de sementes de acerola, goiaba e melão extraidos com solvente

Abstract

In Brazil, the edible fruit processing industries produce juices, sweets, jams, pulps and extracts, generating a large amount of residues, such as seeds, shells and bagels, which often do not receive adequate attention. The concern with these wastes that generate environmental impacts and a high rate of waste caused by the fruit processing industries are factors that have led to the study of the composition of agroindustrial residues. Among the residues the seeds contains a number of interest components presenting several beneficial constituents to health, which can be applied in the food industry in the development of new products. This study aimed to characterize a better use of these seeds, allowing to add economic value to these by-products. The objective of this work was to obtain the seed oils of acerola, melon and guava by extracting with solvent and performing its physicochemical characterization. Investigating the physicochemical characteristics determining the moisture content, determining the index of acidity and peroxide, quantifying total lipids through the profile of fatty acids of acerola, guava and melon seeds derived from residues Agroindustrial and chemical composition, evaluating the mineral composition (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Ca), from the digester block digestion technique, from the oil extraction residues of acerola, melon and guava seeds. The residues of acerola, guava and melon totalled 52.99%, 45.76% and 26.41%, respectively, in relation to the fresh fruit weight. With the seeds clean and moist, this ratio was 15.14%, 11.02% and 7.45%, respectively. And after dried 2.36%, 3.29% and 0.79%, respectively. The moisture content of these seeds was 10.44%, 8.27% and 6.53% in relation to the weight of the Umidas seeds. The seeds showed lipid contents (15.05 to 7.36% on dry basis), the acidity index in the oils extracted from Acerola were 4.11 mg Koh G-1, the guava 0.45 g Koh G-1 and the melon 0.66 mg Koh G-1, the peroxide index was 5.84 , 22.07 and 13.61 meq.kg-1, respectively. The main fatty acids in the oils extracted from acerola, guava and melon seeds were: palmitic (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), Oleic (18:1n-9) and Linoleic (18:2n-6). It was observed that the saturated fatty acids ranged from (32.38; 15.54 and 16.83%), monounsaturated (32.74; 9.41 and 18.60%) and poly-unsaturated (34.04; 74.04 and 64.35%) and the proportion of Omega 6 and Omega 3 from (57.03; 678.4; 227.9) to the oils extracted from the seeds of Acerola, guava and melon, respectively. The most abundant minerals found were iron, zinc, copper, manga and calcium. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the possible use of these fruit seeds for oil extraction and their use as raw material of economic value for the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries.