Cama de aviário como fertilizante na produtividade de milho e no acúmulo de nutrientes no solo em experimento de longa duração

Abstract

Considering the production of cut birds is an extremely important activity for Brazil and for the Southwest Region of Paraná, which generates a large amount of residues, such as poultry litter, with the main destination being the use as fertilizer organic. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of poultry broiler litter compared to mineral fertilization on maize yield, its residual effect on oat dry matter production and on soil chemical attributes. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks. The experiment was divided in plots, where we applied doses of aviary bed, being: 0; 4, 5; 9; 13.5 t ha-1 of broiler poultry bed dry matter being the recommended mineral fertilizer for corn (100 kg ha-1 P2O5, 100 kg ha-1 K2O and 200 kg ha-1 of N) for comparison with organic fertilization. The yield components of corn (grain per ear, mass of a thousand grains, yield of grains) were evaluated. The sowing of oats occurred under the residual effect of the fertilization applied in the predecessor summer crop as a way to evaluate the development of the grass in the winter period. Soil sampling for chemical fertility analyzes was performed at the beginning of the first year of the experiment (2012) and in the last year (2015). At each site, a soil sample was collected, in the 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm depth layers. The application of organic fertilization was efficient in maize production. The yield of grains presented a linear effect to the application of increasing doses of poultry litter. The application of 9 t ha-1 of broiler poultry litter provided yield similar to the use of mineral fertilizer, higher number of grains per ear and mass of one thousand grains. There was a residual effect of poultry litter levels applied to maize on oat yield and this organic fertilization improved soil chemical properties, mainly pH, phosphorus and CTC.