Determinação dos atributos físicos e químicos de um nitossolo vermelho distroférrico em diferentes sistemas de manejo de uma propriedade rural familiar

Abstract

The improper use and management of the soil can alter its physical and chemical properties, compromising the conservation of soil quality, especially for food production. The neglect with rain drainage systems, high grazing intensity and the lack of organic matter cause undesirable dysfunctions in the chemical and physical qualities of the soil and, consequently, harming the sustainability of agricultural production. The present work presents the application of methods of physical and chemical characterization of soils, in order to obtain data on possible alterations of these parameters due to the application of different uses and managements in a Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico. The study was conducted on a family farm of reference in the interior of the State of Paraná, a region where it is common for rural properties to be configured in this way. Samples of a Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico were collected in six types of agricultural management: annual pasture PA, permanent pasture for dairy cattle PP, corn and bean silage MF, reforestation with eucalyptus RE, soybean production SJ and permanent pasture for beef sheep and beef goats CO. The samples of these soils were subjected to routine chemical analysis and physical analysis of moisture, density, structural and granulometry. Thus, changes were observed in the chemical parameters between the different areas due to the particularities of management adopted, with the SJ area being the one with the most statistical discrepancies in relation to the others, especially in the chemical parameters that are most affected by erosion, such as pH, MO and Al. Grazing areas PP, PA and CO in general showed similar values of chemical quality, with PA being the one that most differed from the others, especially in parameters influenced by the intensity and grazing regime, by the soil turning and pasture management. Regarding the physical qualities of the soil, the different areas showed similarity in most parameters because they are naturally more resistant to changes and strongly linked to the origin of the soil.