Diagnóstico da qualidade das águas do Lago Jaboti no município de Apucarana - PR

Abstract

In several places around Brazil it is easy to find entire rivers and watersheds that suffer from pollution due to population growth. Technical knowledge about water quality parameters is essential for assessing the situation of water bodies in relation to human impacts on the hydrographic basin. The work was developed with the objective of identifying possible sources of pollution in Lake Jaboti located in the municipality of Apucarana-PR, with the determination of 06 (six) points distributed upstream, downstream and along Lake Jaboti itself, frequently quarterly collection, for 12 months at the established points seeking to obtain data by means of sampling, and conducting a technical environmental survey of the sewage network in 50 homes from a list provided by the Paraná Public Ministry in the Jaboti Microbacia, with related irregularities the release of sewage in rainwater galleries until 2012. The quality of the water was quantified by means of physical, chemical and biological characteristics, described in the form of parameters. The parameters diagnosed in the present study object are: dissolved oxygen (DO), hydrogen potential (pH), temperature, electrical conductivity, total phosphorus, sulfate, nitrite, nitrate and thermotolerant coliforms. It was verified, in general, that the quality of the waters of Lake Jaboti is not satisfactory according to Conama Resolution 357/2005 for class 2 waters for the dissolved oxygen parameter in Points 03 and 04, registering 4.3 mg/L, and, 4.9 mg/L respectively. The concentrations of electrical conductivity showed concentrations in 100% of the collection points greater than 100 µS/cm, and, through technical surveys, it was possible to identify that 6 buildings (12%) presented irregular sewage discharge into the rain gallery, which ends up on Lake Jaboti. Through statistical analysis it was possible to conclude that the limnological variables nitrate and electrical conductivity have a strong correlation. In view of the results obtained during the performance of the technical environmental inspections, added to the poor quality of the waters of Lake Jaboti, an improvement proposal was designed to provide environmental improvements, and to combat environmental pollution over time in Lake Jaboti.