Aspectos genéticos de características morfométricas e reprodutivas de rainhas Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) africanizadas

Abstract

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters the weight at emergence, body length, length and width of abdomen, weight, diameter and volume the spermathecae and weight of ovaries of queen bees Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) africanized. The data analysed refer to weighing the body and length and width of abdomen measures of 1056 queen bees, measurements of body length the of 102 queen bees, weight of spermathecae of 830 queen bees, diameter and volume of spermathecae of 813 queen bees and weight of ovaries of 970 queen bees, amounting 1133 animals in the matrix parentage. The effects fixed considered were family, epoch and mini-recreates and the random effects, genetic aditive and the residual. The analyses realized were through the inference Bayesian using the animal model. Were conducted analyses unicharacter and bicharacter for all characteristics. In analyses unicharacter, the proportion the variance genetic aditive was responsible for more than 50% the total phenotypic variance and the heritabilities have submitted estimates of medium to high magnitudes the for all characteristcs, being 0.46 for weight at emergence, 0.59 for length abdomen, 0.56 for width of abdomen, 0.80 for body length, 0.62 for spermathecae weight, 0.55 for spermathecae diameter, 0.64 for spermathecae volume and 0.62 for weight of ovaries. Genetic correlations favorable of magnitude between 0.46 to 0.86 were found for the associations between weight at emergence, body length and length and width abdomen. When evaluated the relationship between the emergence weight, body length and width and length abdomen with weight, diameter and volume of spermatheca and ovarian weight, the greater genetic correlation was between the weight at emergence and weight of ovaries of 0.49. Genetic correlation of 0.46 was found for the emergence weight and length of the abdomen, 0.86 for weight at emergence and abdomen width and 0.70 for the emergence weight and body length. That all characteristics evaluated in analysis unicharacter have potential of selection and, genetic correlation the weight at emergence and characteristics of spermathecae and weight of ovaries are determined, in part, the same set of genes, indicating that these associations can be used in breeding programs of bees africanized, for the greater reproductive potential of queen bees A. mellifera africanized .