Leguminosa e/ou suplementação energética como alternativa de melhoria no perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de novilhos

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted with the objective of evaluate the effect of supplementation associated or not, the consortium of legumes in the fatty acid profile of beef steers finished in winter pasture acid profile. This study was conducted at the Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos-PR. In the first experiment compared the treatments: fed on pasture white oat (Avena sativa L) (AV); oat+vetch (Vica sativa) (AV+LEG) and oat+ supplementation energetic, with ground corn base in the proportion of 1% of body weight (AV+SUP). Were used, in the first experiment, 18 steers, male, castrated, 1/4 Marchigiana, 1/4 Aberdeen Angus, 1/2 Nelore, with average initial weight of 360 kg and 19 months old. The slaughter was established with an average of 2.39 mm of fat in animals. Steers present a greater lipid content in the longissimus dorsi muscle and more saturated intramuscular fat. The animals finished with oats and energy supplementation presented meats with higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids and there was no effect of diet on total polyunsaturated fatty acids. Animals fed only with oats, and oat with energy supplementation, presented meat more conjugated linoleic acid content (CLA). The termination on pastures afforded ratio omega-6/omega-3 most beneficial and meat more beneficial intramuscular fat. In the second experiment, were used 24 steers Nelore, castrated, with immune vaccine 30 days before starting the experiment, with slaughter weight of 472.55 kg and 26 months old. Being, 8 animals fed with pat + ryegrass + supplementation (AS); 8 animals fed with oat + ryegrass + vetch (AE); and 8 animals fed with oat + vetch + ryegrass + supplementation (AES). The experiment lasted 100 days. Results point out that levels of myristic fatty acids (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and stearic (C18:0) were not affected (P>0,05) by the diet type fed to the animals. In contrast analysis, the animals fed on grasses present a greater content of lauric fatty acid (C12:0). Already the total contents of oleic acid represent 80% and not differ between treatments. Steers fed AES had higher (P<0,05) pentadecanoic acid concentrations. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are not distinguished in the treatments, with the exception of CLA, which had higher contents in AE supply. There was variation in CLA diets for using legume, at lower concentrations. There was no effect of diet on the total AGPI. There was no variation between the treatments effect of diet on the sum of n-6 and n-3 and, compared to n-6:n-3 on intramuscular fat. Treatment with corn has a higher relation n-6:n-3. In the first experiment based diet n-6:n-3 it appeared that the meat has exceeded the limit 4 for the maximum ratio n-6:n-3, which makes it unfit for human consumption. In the second experiment, featuring the legume main food of the diet, there is better quality for human consumption, with respect to n-6:n-3, still demonstrated that this treatment of the meat below the limit of 4.