Sensoriamento remoto aplicado à detecção de ilhas de calor urbanas: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

The exacerbated population growth in the urban environment and the consequent vegetation suppression causes cities to face problems related to thermal discomfort, such as the formation of heat islands. Remote sensing is a useful tool in identifying this phenomenon, and its use has been increasing in recent years. Thus, the objective of this paper is to compare the methodology and evolution of studies already conducted on the subject, from a systematic review. For this, a research protocol was used, following the methodological assumptions suggested by Kitchenham et al. (2009), where articles indexed from 1996 to 2016 were searched in three electronic databases: ScienceDirect, Capes Platform and Google Scholar. This procedure resulted in the selection of 20 scientific articles, extracted from the amount of 3515 results computed in the selected search engines, thus achieving a utilization rate of 6.5%. It was possible to verify a larger number of selected articles written in English language from ScienceDirect, as well as a certain evolution of the techniques used for urban studies, from the invention of computer programs that facilitate the detection of heat islands. In addition, there is an exponential growth in the number of articles from 2006, with one of the associated factors being the availability of free satellite images. However, a greater effort from the scientific community is needed to improve the methodologies employed, aiming at facilitating the understanding of the formation of this phenomenon and proposing mitigating measures for them.