Árvores nativas na arborização urbana: importância e benefícios no planejamento ambiental da cidade de Alagoinhas – Bahia

Abstract

This work was thematically “native trees in urban forestry: importance and benefits in the environmental planning of the city of Alagoinhas-Bahia.” Afforestation has an important role in maintaining the physical and environmental balance in the urban space, being a process of fundamental importance for the development of the local landscape. However, the failure of urban planning in the implantation and maintenance of urban trees refers to losses in its efficiency. Consequence of this in the afforestation of Brazilian cities is the exponential substitution of native vegetation by exotic plants. In this perspective, the objective of this study was to carry out quantitative survey of the urban trees of the squares and Main avenues in the municipality of Alagoinhas, Bahia, providing a check list of native species for a suitable planning Urban environment. The public thoroughfares for the study were considered ten squares of the city centre (Flag Square, José Joaquim Abrantes Square, Rui Barbosa Square, Councillor Couto Square, Castro Leal Square, Plaza 7 of September, Square of the eight, Praça Aristides Maltez, Plaza Baron From the White River, Mario Laert Square. The study was given for “on-the-spot” visits of these squares where the forestry census was made by filling in a specific form of cataloguing of the plant species, referring to the general state of the individual and conflicts with the electrical grid. All existing plants in the places visited were catalogued by photographic record, only when difficult to identify their exsiccates were assembled in herbarium for identification by comparison with other copies, as well as Review of literature and/or assistance of specialists. Thus, the values measured in the ten squares of the center of Alagoinhas corresponded to 231 individuals belonging to 37 species, being 39 native and 170 exotic, belonging to 13 botanical families and 32 genera, and 17 unidentified individuals. Of the species, the most abundant were Ficus Benjamina L. (19,49%), Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. (7,36%) and Erythrina indicates Lam (5,20%), all exotic. When it comes to the natives are Syagrus Romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman, with 4.77% and Calliandra brevipes Kuntze, with 4.32% among the most abundant in the municipality.