Compostagem como alternativa no tratamento de resíduos orgânicos domiciliares urbanos

Abstract

It is estimated that 51% of urban solid waste generated in Brazil is represented by organic waste, presenting a high potential for recycling through alternative processes. However, it is verified that these organic wastes are being sent to final disposal, wasting their potential for reuse, resulting in overcrowding of landfills as well as negative environmental impacts. Therefore, an alternative to the optimization and recycling of these materials would be the incentive and dissemination of the home composting process. Therefore, this work had as objectives to evaluate control parameters throughout the organic waste composting process and verify the quality of the final organic compound produced. The organic wastes were collected for three days distributed over a week in 20 residences of the urban area of the municipality of Marmeleiro – PR. A compost pile was set up with initial mass in natural matter was 137.21 kg. During the degradation process the parameters temperature, dry mass, volume, pH, electrical conductivity, phytotoxicity, volatile solids and total organic carbon were monitored. At the end of the process, in addition to the aforementioned parameters, CTC, CTC: COT, total nitrogen and C: N ratio were determined. Throughout the composting process it was verified that the germination index increased from 45.27 to 109.43 from phytotoxic compound to phytostimulant. In addition, the CTC of the organic compound increased from 27.2 to 57.8 proving the degradation of the organic material. By verifying the final parameters for the organic compound, it is possible to affirm that the values found are in agreement with the IN 25/2009 of the MAPA, as well as within the limits indicated by researchers of the area. Therefore, the composting process in piles becomes efficient, viable and safe for the treatment of organic household waste, and its final product can be used in crop production.