Desenvolvimento e caracterização de cookies adicionados de óleo de chia microencapsulado

Abstract

In order to avoid limitations of application of functional ingredients to food, by modification of flavor, differences in texture, as well as instability, during processing and storage, microencapsulation is an increasingly used alternative. In this work the addition of chia oil (Salvia hispanica), known for its composition rich in omega-3 fatty acids, was evaluated in cookies. For this, three formulations were produced: control cookies, cookies added solid lipid microparticles of chia oil (1% with respect to wheat flour OC-E) and cookies added pure chia oil (in the same proportion present in microcapsules, OC -P). Carnauba wax microparticles containing chia oil were produced by hot homogenization with a mean size of 20.8 μm with spherical morphology and wide size distribution and with reduced crystallinity compared to pure carnauba wax (white microparticles). Farinographic analyzes were performed to verify the effect of the addition of the oil microparticle in the processability of the mass. The results showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the water absorption, without affecting the time of development of the mass stability. The cookies produced did not present difference with regard to moisture and ashes, however, regarding color analysis during storage (30 days) the brightness of OC-E cookies increased significantly with storage time from 69.51 to 71.75. Possibly this behavior is due to the fact that the lipid matrix presents instability throughout the storage time, leading to the expulsion of part of the microencapsulated chia oil. The OC-E cookies also had their parameter b * significantly larger (p <0.05) than the control and OC-P, due to the more yellowish microparticle staining. From the parameters of the texture profile analysis, the only one that presented significant difference between the treatments and between storage days (0, 15 and 30 days) (p <0.05) was the hardness, possibly due to the free fat present in the samples OC-E and OC-P destabilize the gluten network resulting in softer masses. In the three-point bending test (triple anvil probe) the fracture stress and fracture stress results showed statistically equal conditions for all treatments. The evaluation of the lipid oxidation of the cookies was done by means of the extraction of the fat of the same ones with Bligh-Dyer method and analysis of the specific extinction coefficients (K232, K270 and Δk). The results showed that the OC-E sample underwent the highest oxidation, followed by OC-P and control. Possibly some components of carnauba wax, composed of mixture of esters of high molecular acids and hydroxy acids, underwent oxidation, as well as pure chia oil due to unsaturations of fatty acids. Cookies were evaluated for their water activity by sorption isotherm at 25 and 35 ° C where they were determined (25 ° C and 35 ° C) the GAB model, for the OC-E samples (25 ° C and 35 ° C) the BET model and for the samples OC-P at 25 ° C the Peleg model and at 35 ° C the BET model. Finally, the sensorial evaluation was carried out by the global acceptance test, where it was possible to conclude that for all attributes evaluated, CO-P and CO-E samples did not differ from the control sample, which is a satisfactory result.