Avaliação do potencial de produção de biogás no noroeste do Rio Grande Do Sul (NRS) a partir da biomassa dos dejetos de suínos e bovinos

Abstract

The objective of this work is to evaluate the potential of biogas production from the biomass of swine and cattle manure in confined animal production systems (SPACs), in the region of the Northeast of Rio Grande do Sul (NRS), in 20 municipalities (COREDE 5 – FN). For the accomplishment of the work, information was collected and analyzed through official and public sources such as IBGE, FEPAM and municipalities. It aims to describe the main energy sources of biomass from pig and bovine waste, and to highlight the potential of biogas production. It was also considered the possibility of increasing the energy matrix, with the generation of electric energy, thermal and biofertilizer production through the management of agricultural residues. This approach starts from a macro to a micro plan. Specifically in this work, an analysis of the production capacity of pigs manure in the country, state, region and municipalities, according to Resolution CONSEMA 372/2018, considering the breeding system, quantity of animals, biomass to biogas and its energy equivalence. According to the data obtained from the IBGE-SIDRA-Census of Agriculture and Livestock-2017, the number of pigs and cattle in the country in 2017 was 39,176,271 and 171,858,168, respectively. In the State of Rio Grande do Sul this amount was of 6,448,514 and 11,443,487. In the same source, the number of heads of pigs and cattle in the NRS Region was 673,902 and 297,125. The potential of electricity generation from the biomass of pigs and cattle in biogas in m³ / day, in Brazil is about 74.227.945. In the State of Rio Grande do Sul it is about 5,480,186.76 and in the Northwest of the State is about213,196. 28. And the potential in the transformation in KW electricity in Brazil in the order of 5.85 GW, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul 431.56 MW and in the Northwest of RS of 16.79 MW. Considering the climatic factors, it was necessary to reduce the value found in 30% in order to estimate the capacity closest to the real. It can be supplied 75,551 units of reference Brazilian residences. Anaerobic biodigestion may play an important role in the agribusiness productive chain and in environmental sustainability. In this way, the transformation of an environmental liability into an economic asset. For future work, it is recommended to analyze the feasibility of the implantation of biodigestors with new technologies, providing, however, new challenges in innovative projects with effective and significant actions in the short and medium term. And new technologies applied to the biogas production chain.