Estado-da-arte dos processos de detoxificação do éster de forbol da torta da semente de Jatropha curcas L. (pinhão manso)

Abstract

The jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.), which belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, is an oilseed that has high oil content and stands out as a plant with favorable characteristics for the production of biodiesel. Thousands of tons of seedcake are produced as a co-product of its oil extraction. This seedcake contains high nutritional value, but the presence of phorbol ester – a toxic compound – restricts its use in animal feed. To add value to this co-product, it is necessary to carry out detoxification – the removal of phorbol ester. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to present the state of the art of detoxification processes of the phorbol ester from the jatropha seedcake, as the seed already shows promise for the viability of inserting the Jatropha curcas in the energy matrix of biofuels (biodiesel) and of the obtained by-product (seed-cake) as input for animal feed. The study methodology was based on the most recent literature review on detoxification processes, in which chemical + thermal processeses, biotransformation and advanced oxidation processes showed efficient results in the reduction of esters by 99%, 95% and 98%, respectively. As for the process of thermoplastic extrusion using additives, ester reduction was inefficient (59%), as the esters do not undergo reduction in processes that are merely physical – even if these processes use additives to aid in the breakdown of toxic compounds – representing a risk if the seedcake is used in animal feed. Finally, it is necessary to delve into studies regarding the safety and toxicity of the final product (in this case, the seedcake) for its inclusion in feed for ruminant animals, since the processes which contained higher efficiency can generate harmful substances, that can make the product similar or worse than the compounds from the original seedcake.