Avaliação de eficácia de um sistema de gestão de segurança e saúde do trabalho no gerenciamento de obras para redução de acidentes

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a management system for occupational safety and health in civil construction to reduce accidents. The construction industry differs from other economic activities in some aspects, presenting distinctiveness features which can be mentioned regarding to the size of the companies, the duration of the works, the qualification of workers, worker turnover and present a variety of risks. The number of accidents in this industry is significant in the national scenario, accounting for considerable losses from the standpoint economic and social development, either for the company or for the employees as well to the government. The improvement of safety and health, beyond to increase productivity, decreases the cost of a construction work because it reduces the interruptions during the phases of the work, absenteeism and accidents and / or occupational illnesses. In this direction, as a criterion of comparison, we used the information on the number of Man-Hours Risk Exposure (MHRE), the number of occupational accidents without and with accumulated time off in the period 2011-2012 in two construction works of expansion of industrial units, being the first one, which there's no Management System and Occupational Health Safety (MSOHS) and the second, which one that implemented SGSST for execution of the work. Finally, the analysis of the data shows that the implementation of an MSOHS to perform a construction work is effective and decisive for the reduction of accident rates, compliance with deadlines of work and service quality. This case study yielded the evidence of the efficacy of the deploying an OHSMS, since the number of work accidents in the second construction work was 57% lower than the first one. The frequency of the accidents at second work with SGSST has reached better results than the construction work without SGSST. Comparing the construction works this results shows that 22 occupational accidents per million MHRE can occur in the first one while in the second one, only 9 accidents can happen.