Estudo do desempenho térmico de diferentes configurações de materiais aplicados ao envelope de uma instalação sanitária residencial em Curitiba/PR

Abstract

The use of building materials employed in Brazilian homes follows an essentially common setup. Particularly in bathrooms, the use of materials for sealing the walls of the room, present similarly to other environments housing configuration. In the city of Curitiba, due to the low thermal performance of this environment for the purposes of bodily cleanliness of its occupants, usually means warm up the environment using resources such as gas or electric heaters and heating the bathroom floor system are used. However, it is also common to use improvised means, such as the burning of fuel products such as alcohol, gasoline, kerosene, coal or wood, generating carbon monoxide with its burning. Paraná organs such as the Fire Brigade and Civil Defence, constantly warn of the risks of using these systems, because of the risk of fires and even death due to suffocation caused by carbon monoxide, including reporting numerous cases of fatal victims. Another common way to heat the sanitary environment, especially when the occupant uses the environment to bath is the drive while the shower before the bath to increase thermal comfort. This may lead to wasting of energy used in heating a body of water that will pass to the environment by convection. Thus, this research aims to discuss a passive way to increase the thermal performance of a bathroom, simulating different configurations of materials on the walls of environmental sealing, also considering the variation of the solar orientation of the wall that has the window for ventilation, compared to four main cardinal points and the position of the room compared to other rooms of the residence. For this purpose, we used the computer program Quick II to perform the simulations. This software is a handy and easy to use simulator. The constructive and climatic parameters required for the simulations were found in the relevant literature to the subject, among which parameters involved in the thermal performance of buildings in the city of Curitiba, the minimum construction data for bathrooms and climatic data of the region . The simulations were performed considering an apartment housing being located between other floors, lower and higher than the analysis area. The criteria for choosing the best settings was the difference between heat gain inside the greenhouse during the winter compared to the summer period. This study concluded that the best settings were the north and solar orientation in a central position with perimeter exposure to outdoor air, the lower lateral positions. It was concluded that it is possible to use different materials in the walls sealing bathrooms in homes, and that according to the designer of the building, factors such as solar orientation and positioning of the environment, may enhance the thermal performance of the environment, providing the user greater comfort heat.