Aproveitamento de resíduos de abacaxizeiro para extração e purificação de bromelina

Abstract

Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme found on the stem, leaf, root and fruit of the pineapple. Its economic importance is related to the pharmaceutical and food industry, being much used in beers, treatment of digestive disorders, detergents, besides several other uses. One of the advantages of its use is the high concentration, even after the ripening of the fruit. This work used as main raw material residues (stem, crown, bark and core) of the pineapple fruit of the cultivar Smooth cayenne, obtained from the experimental station of IAPAR of Santa Helena, on January 19, 2016. The main objective was to extract and purify The group of proteolytic enzymes bromelain, through 80% ethanol precipitation, found in different parts of the pineapple considered waste. After harvesting the material was packed in a vacuum and stored at -80 ° C until processing and analysis. The extract of the residue was obtained with a juice extractor, centrifuged at 4000 RPM for 20 minutes to obtain the crude extract. Bromelain extract was obtained by precipitation with 80% ethanol at low temperature. For the determination of enzymatic activity the casein digestion method was applied, as described by Kunitz (1947). For quantification of proteins, tests were performed using Bradford's methodology (1976). Protein contents of 0.06, 0.82, 0.42 and 0.04 mg mL-1 were found for bark, stem, crown and core respectively. For the preparation of the bromelain extract, the stem samples were separated. The protein content found for the purified was 2.51 mg mL-1. We found values of 97.21 U ml-1 of enzymatic activity for the bromelain extract of the stem and specific activity of 38.73 U mg-1. The purification factor was 8.82 times. Therefore, it is interesting to work with the residues of the pineapple stem, because they present higher protein content and higher enzymatic activity. The method is efficient for purification of enzymes and for concentration of proteins. Purification using ethanol was potentially efficient and low cost.