Uso da cama de aviário como fertilizante orgânico na produção de aveia preta e milho

Abstract

Poultry litter has been studied in agricultural and pasture, as an alternative organic fertilizer and soil correction. The amount of litter generated in poultry production in Dois Vizinhos, southwest of Paraná, was assessed and used this measurement to estimate the waste poultry litter in Paraná, along with that assessment was analyzed the production of oats Oats strigosa and corn Zea mays using the residual effect of the litter, with different doses of litter from broilers and breeders. The study was conducted in two stages, the first in the period between April and December 2012. Data collection for an estimated quantification of litter was made with the collaboration of a multinational poultry industry located in the southwest region of Paraná. The second part which estimated the decomposition of litter and the production of oats and corn was conducted in the experimental area of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Campus Dois Vizinhos), the total period between April 2012 to April 2013. For the decomposition of the litter 10 samples were taken from voile fabric bags that contained 100 g samples of both types of organic waste. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications, treatments composed of two types of residue obtained from poultry production. To estimate the production of oat Avena strigosa cv. IAPAR 61, we used doses of 0, 6.5, 13 and 19.5 t ha-1 of poultry litter and breeders litter, being also applied mineral fertilizer: 100 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 100 kg ha-1 K2O ha-1 and 150 N.The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications in a factorial design. For maize, grown after oat cultivation, the experimental design was a randomized block design in a subdivided factorial. The major production of poultry litter by m2/ciclo in the region of Dois Vizinhos was found in the production of broilers, followed by the production of layers and breeders, with 91.6667, 72.2222,34.5622 kg m-2, respectively. The decomposition rate of broiler litter was faster that the breeders, of which were 153-day incubation 60% of the residue of poultry broiler decomposed, while the other residue only 40% in the same incubation time. The production of oats was greater when used litter from broiler compared to poultry breeders, surpassing the production of forage obtained with mineral fertilizer doses above 6.5 t ha-1litter and maximum production at a dose of 13 t ha-1 litter. Regarding the production of corn, found a higher grain yield with fertilization of breeders litter in the dosage of 13 t ha-1, with an average production of 8562,5 kg ha-1, while for the same dosage of brolier litter the average was 8432,41 kg ha-1. But the higher grain yield was 19,5 t ha-1with breeders litter. This may be due to the residual effect of litter, in the case of poultry litter showed the decomposition rate faster than the breeders litter. So fertilization with 13 t ha-1 litter from poultry to oats and corn would be an interesting strategy for the destination of litter, according to the availability of nutrients and different production systems.