Perdas na colheita mecanizada da soja nos municípios de Itaipulândia e Missal, no oeste do Paraná

Abstract

Soybean is the main leguminous crop cultivated in Brazil and responsible for much of the country's economy. However, losses in the mechanized harvesting of soybean have reached significant numbers, resulting in lower final yields and in a consequently reduction in farmers' profit. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the losses in the mechanized harvest soybean in the municipalities of Itaipulândia and Missal, western region of Paraná, during the 2016/2017 harvest. To investigate the losses, a survey was performed with 26 harvesters in different properties of region. During the query, parameters regarding to the harvester machine (time of use and trail system), operator (education, trainings and time of profession) and to the crop (height of plants and insertion of the first pod, presence of lodging and Weeds, grain moisture at harvest and productivity). The data were submitted to an exploratory analysis, through descriptive statistics. According to the results, it was concluded that the analysed harvesters had an average loss of 118.38 kg ha harvesters had losses within the accepted limit that is 60 kg ha associated with grain moisture below 13%, and velocity of operation above the full processing capacity of the machine. Approximately 61.47% of the losses were on the cutting deck, and 39.96% of the losses were on the trail, separation and cleaning system.