Análise microbiológica da qualidade do ar em ambiente hospitalar na região oeste do Paraná

Abstract

The hospital environment brings together people with different vulnerabilities to infections and presents intense invasive procedures. These factors contribute to generate an environment conducive to the spread of hospital infection, due to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms that may be present in the air of these indoor environments. This work aimed to make a microbiological analysis of the air quality in a hospital environment in the western region of Paraná. Four types of culture medium were used for microbiological analysis, DRBC (Dichloran Agar Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar); PCA (Standard Counting Agar); MacConkey Agar and Tripticase Agar (tryptone). Six Petri dishes were used for each culture medium mentioned in each distinct environment of the hospital, being Corridor, Kitchen, Bed, Surgical Center, Reception and External Environment. Some species of fungi and bacteria, existing in the hospital, were quantified and identified. The identification of fungi occurred through the taxonomic key of Barnet and Hunter; and calculation of the number of CFU-3 according to the formulation of Friberg and Burman. For the identification of the bacteria, Gram-positive / negative staining methods and Laborclin’s Bactray kit were used. In the DRBC culture medium, nine fungi were identified, among them Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Eurotium sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp. And Rhizoctonia sp. As for the number of UFC m-3, all environments were in accordance with ANVISA Resolution No. 09, which has a maximum standard of 750 UFC m-3 air. Four bacteria, among them, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Acinetobacter baumanii and Alcaligenes piechaudii were identified. In MacConkey culture medium, all environments have met the NT-SCE-02 technical standard that guides up to 500 CFU m-3. In the TSA culture medium, the Reception presented counts of colony forming units higher than that described by the NT-SCE-02. In the PCA culture medium in the fourth collection, a high UFCS change in the Kitchen was obtained, which significantly exceeded the NT-SCE-02 limit. In the comparison of the number of CFUs between the I / E environment there were some nonconformities. The maximum allowed limit was exceeded in the bed (second and fourth collections, TSA medium), Kitchen (first collection, half DRBC), Corridor (fourth collection, MacConkey medium) and Surgical Center (first collection, half DRBC). Even in the presence of some nonconformities, the air quality in the analyzed hospital environment is good, taking into account all collections performed.