Avaliação de técnicas conservadoras para tratamento da incontinência urinária feminina empregando instrumentação para monitorização domiciliar

Abstract

Current conservative treatments for female urinary incontinence include a combination of pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) and vaginal cones, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and biofeedback. However, recent studies have been insufficient to determine which supplementary technique is more advantageous. In addition, since those techniques are performed at home by the patient, assessment of compliance is difficult. The main goals of this research are the development of a portable device for the treatment of female urinary applying PFME combined with or electrical stimulation and make a pilot study with a patients group. The device developed for this study consists of a microprocessor controlled unit with sufficient memory to store the exercises carried out by patients at home. At each consultation the contents of the memory are downloaded via USB interface for analysis by the therapist. Effective compliance and the quality of the exercises performed can be evaluated. The device includes a vaginal probe for monitoring pelvic muscle contraction pressure during the exercises. The study included 32 patients, allocated to one of 3 intervention groups. Outcomes were: change in quality of life score and in urodynamic and perineometric parameters and changes to urinary habits and episodes of losses recorded in the bladder diary. After 3 months, 71.9 % of the patients (23) had achieved cure or significant improvement, 18.8% (6) partial improvement of symptoms and 9.3 % (3) poor response, being referred for surgical treatment. Compliance with treatment was not different between groups (p=0.201), however the performance in the execution of exercises shows significant differences (p<0.05), with better results in the biofeedback group. In all groups a significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in maximum pelvic muscle contraction strength, in addition to an improvement in the quality of life questionnaire scores (p<0.02). The number of urine losses due to stress exhibited a statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) in all groups. There was a trend towards reduced number of urinations per day and reduced number of urge urine losses. The novel developed instrumentation for home use was efficient and the patients allocated in the research protocol had significant alterations in the assessed variables.