Influência da utilização de telhados verdes na eficiência energética de residências unifamiliares a partir do método Graus-Dia no município de Foz do Iguaçu/PR

Abstract

With the development of an architecture focused on aesthetics and not sustainability, taking into account the amplitude of the thermal variations of the municipalities of the west of Paraná, the present work aims to propose a new structuring model, questioning its energy gain with the use of the extensive green roof. For this model, it is sought to study single-family residences which are represented by single dwellings with a maximum size of 70 m², where families that reside may have gains in thermal efficiency with the proposed coverage, thus leading to their success in reducing of energy expenditure, generating climatic comfort. The methodology used for calculation of energy efficiency is day degrees, which by mathematical simulations calculates the energy required to establish thermal comfort, for which one can analyze the efficiency of green roofs and compare with conventional roofs, considering all the structure of the Residences as a closed system, thus calculating the heat needed to obtain thermal comfort in each situation. For the most effective calculations, daily temperature data were used in a five-year interval of the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu. The green roof analyzed is of the extensive type, since this requires a lower implantation cost, simple maintenance and irrigation not necessary after the development of the species, smaller structuring of the residences, but a smaller efficiency as regards the thermal control of the micro climate when compared with the form Intensive and semi-extensive, the species analyzed was the emerald grass (Zoysia japonica Steud). For study comparison, four models of residences were studied, each one of which had different types of materials. The results were satisfactory, the green roof was very efficient, reducing the energy expenditure between 20 to 60% of energy required for comfort, among the proposed models the number 03 was better adapted to the coverage. The results allowed to conclude that the extensive vegetation is positive for the comfort in the residences, therefore the green roofs are a new alternative for the control of the energy consumption from equipment of climatic comfort.