Determinação de metais pseudo-totais e disponíveis em solo e sedimentos em um lixão desativado no município de Medianeira–PR

Abstract

With the increased production and consumption of industrial goods, there is a need to seek effective actions for the management and disposal of these materials in such a way that they do not cause damage to health and the environment. The identification of heavy metals in solid waste deposits along with other parameters, contributes decisively to check the influence of manure on water quality and soil. In this study were carried out spot checks in solo in February 2018 in thirteen separate points along the horizontal and the vertical gradient of a disposal of municipal solid waste and in the sediment of the disabled body local water. For each sample were analyzed nine pseudo-totais and metals available (calcium, cadmium, copper, chromium, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel and zinc). The characterization parameters were total organic carbon, organic matter, total phosphorus, pH, total solids (fixed and volatile) and particle size. Determinations of metals occurred by FAAS and other physical and chemical parameters for gravimetric potentiometric and techniques. The soils of the area of the dump and the slope showed moderately acid to moderately alkaline pH. All points presented low organic matter content, which can be associated with the texture of the samples and the age of leachate and leachate. The STV and organic carbon values were higher in point Project and P2L when compared to the values of the slope and the River, representing greater occurrence of organic matter in direct dump points, which favors the retention of metals in the soil. In relation to the analysis of phosphorus, the points with greater reference value discrepancy were two of the dump (PL2 and PL3), one of the slope (P6E) and two (P2R and P3R), which can be justified by the high degree of decomposition of household wastes and other wastes arranged at area and organic leaching and run-off along the topographic profile of the area. Particle size analysis showed that the largest fraction was silt, followed by the fraction of clay and sand in all samples. In pseudo-total fractions and available cadmium concentrations above the limit values provided for in brazilian environmental law research in soil samples of the landfill and the hillside. In samples of sediment from the River, it has significant pollution of sediment in pseudo-total fraction for cadmium, copper, manganese and lead. As for the lability of metals, there has been no high level relative to the fraction pseudo-total, positive factor since there is a value available of metals that can bind to other contaminants. The present study demonstrated the great influence of the disposal of solid wastes directly into the soil, which significantly alter the natural features in the area of study when compared to a natural area like the Iguaçu National Park. Thus, it is recommended if the soil and sediment monitoring and actions to promote the remediation of the contaminated area.