Análise, projeto e implementação de um sistema monofásico de geração distribuída conectado a redes fracas

Abstract

Encouraging distributed generation is a worldwide trend to diversify and strengthen the network of power generation. The normative number 482, 2012, reduces bureaucracy in accessing micro and mini single phase distributed generators to the power grid, allowing residential consumers act as electric power generators elements. Among the forms of renewable primary energy available in nature, wind and solar are the most promising for generating residential units. This paper presents a unified approach to connecting a unit of micro generation to the single-phase weak grid via AC-DC-AC converter. A structure of connection allows the adjustment of the DC bus voltage and the output current is defined. It is proposed a control structure in the synchronous reference frame (dq), whose reference voltage is fixed at the common connection point. The dq magnitudes synchronization is obtained by means of an estimator based on Kalman filter with fixed gains. The mathematical model of the single phase connection step in the time domain is determined, both in static as in the synchronous reference frame. The mathematical approach in the complex domain is also considered. Based on the principle of superposition, the frequency responses of the variables of the proposed generation system are determined. The parameterization of the controllers is performed considering a dynamic system of reduced order model based in the synchronous reference frame. The state equations of the controllers are included in the plant model, and a sense of the stability analysis is presented. Simulation results are presented for connection with isolated load and synchronization with the utility single phase grid. A multi-purpose platform for experimental validation is performed, and the experimental results are shown. Experimental results of the proposed control structure is presented in order to validate it.