Utilização de pó de basalto como retardante de chamas em espuma de poliuretano sintetizada

Abstract

Polyurethane foams may be used for thermal insulation, but cannot be used as flame retardant material because of this material is highly flammable. Therefore, it is necessary to include additives in the production of thermal insulation foams, and potential material for this is the basalt powder, due to resistance to high temperatures. The main goal of this work is to produce polyurethane foams with basalt powdered and to characterize the material to determine if it can be used as a thermal insulator. As the foams were used from a commercial polyol and a 4.4 'diphenylmethane isocyanate, with different concentrations of basalt (20, 40, 60 80, 100% by mass). As for characterization, it was performed analysis as the optical microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Mechanical Analysis and Testing, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Exploratory Calorimetry (DSC), as well as evaluation tests of apparent mass and flammability. By the light microscopy and FTIR, it was possible to determine the characteristics of an EPU and the presence of basalt powder by changing the morphology of the particle and the strains corresponding to the FTIR analysis. As the TGA and DSC analyzed indicated the thermal resistance of the material and foams with higher basalt powder concentration. In addition, the mechanical tests used to measure the foam's resisting showed that the produced foams have the ABNT standard for thermal insulation. Also, the flammability test to the samples of 20 and 80% with basalt powder in composition, showed lower firing times. Therefore, the characterizations and analysis performed, showed that these foams with basalt powder have a good commercial potential for use as thermal insulation with anti-flame properties.