Determinação das condições ideais para produção de biossurfactante por Kluyveromyces marxianus

Abstract

Surfactants are surface-active compounds that reduce surface tension and are produced by chemical or biological synthesis. Biological surfactants or biosurfactants are produced by microorganisms metabolism and have advantages over the use of chemical, mainly by low toxicity and biodegradability. The biosurfactant production linked to all the factors that influence microbial growth, such as the variation of nutrients supplied, especially when changing the source of carbon and nitrogen, as well as ways of conduction the process and the preparation of the culture medium. The objective of this work was to produce biosurfactant using Kluyveromyces marxianus, varying sources of carbon and nitrogen, besides the determination of emulsifier index and biomass production. Biomass production was determined by gravimetry in analytical balance, being the best result obtained by experiment number 04 containing the base medium and 2% soy oil; 20% corn oil; 2% glycerol; 10% glucose; 0,1% ammonium sulfate and 2% yeast extract. The emulsifier index was determined by the height of the formed emulsion, being the result expressed in percentage. According to the proposed factorial experimental planning and based on the experimental results, the ideal conditions biosurfactant production were observed in experiment 12, constituted the base medium and 2% soy oil; 20% corn oil; 2% glycerol; 10% glucose; 0,1% ammonium sulfate and 0,2% yeast extract, incubated in shaking table at 200 rpm and temperature control at 28°C for 144 hours. The results show that the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus (CCT-3172) has demonstrated potential for biosurfactant production.