Avaliação da qualidade da água subterrânea utilizada para abastecimento na zona rural do Município de Francisco Beltrão - Paraná

Abstract

The underground springs, as well as the surface as a result of human activity, are increasingly polluted. This stems from several factors, which, in most cases, are linked to the improper disposal of waste, discharge of effluents, among other actions that compromise the environment as a whole. Thus, the analysis of water are necessary to determine and evaluate the situation in which they are the springs that supply the population, since a significant portion of the world’s population is fed by underground springs. Given the above, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of underground water from community wells, such as community Mason River, Volta Alegre and Rio Pedreirinho, located in the rural municipality of Francisco Beltrao, located in the state of Parana. To this, they were analyzed physical, electrical conductivity, turbidity and total dissolved solids; chemical parameters, pH, total iron, total hardness, nitrate; and biological parameters, the fecal coliform. Besides these tests to check the toxicity of the samples were performed using organisms Allium cepa L. and Artemia sp. as bio-indicators. It was determined the use and occupation of land by means of in situ observations of the study area as well as the use of photo-interpretation for making cards. Having the data of land use and occupation, this is related to the quality of the water analyzed by means of statistical analysis. The data obtained from the study were published to inform the population about the same quality of water intake. It can be observed that the resources analyzed are in good conditions, meeting the requirements of current legislation. It was found that the parameters pH, conductivity, turbidity and fecal coliforms showed statistically significant variation throughout the year, this variation possibly related to seasonality. Sanitary recourse showed no restrictions, except for the fact that it presents fecal coliform count, a characteristic that can be solved with disinfection of the resource. The samples showed no toxic characteristics analyzed in any of the tests. As for the use and occupation of the local soil, it was observed that the areas around the wells are occupied by crops, pastures and vegetation fragments, and the protection of wells does not occur effectively, which may have compromised the quality of the resource . By linking the physical and chemical characteristics of the samples with the results of local use and land cover it can be seen that they had no significant relationship through the Pearson test. After the release of the data the population, it was made a petition by residents of the communities under study, requesting the installation of a chlorine bomb, seeking to improve the quality of the resource. At the end of the work it can be concluded that the analyzed funds showed a satisfactory quality compared to legislation, and the disinfection of resources must be made to ensure greater security of supply of the population.