Logística reversa de resíduos eletroeletrônicos no município de Marmeleiro – Paraná

Abstract

Electronic products, used in various human activities, are being transformed into electrical and electronic waste (WEE) in a short time interval, due to factors such as high consumption, rapid technological advancement and programmed obsolescence. Reverse logistics (RL), one of the tools of the National Policy on Solid Waste, assists in the proper management of solid waste, including WEE. In this context, the objective of this study was to diagnose the actions and procedures about RL of WEE in the municipality of Marmeleiro, Paraná. It was analyzed the popular knowledge about the destination of WEE by means of the application of questionnaires in 112 residences of the urban area of municipality and an association between the variables was tested using the chi-square test. In addition, it was verified which WEE were discarded by the population, by means of accompaniment of the discard together to Department of the Environment. Still the municipal actions, of the merchants and of the technicals assistances were verified, regarding the management of this waste, through interviews. Finally, a comparison was made of the Municipal Plan of Integrated Solid Waste Management with federal, state and municipal legislation, through a checklist and with the current diagnosis of the WEE management through of the interviews conducted, of the monitoring of th discard, of the questionnaires and of a copy of the Municipal Plan of Integrated Solid Waste Management. Thus, was verified a lack of knowledge of the population about the adequate practices of destination of WEE and of its role in the reverse logistics system and it was observed an association between the level of schooling of those interviewed with the act of having or not WEE stored at home. With the monitoring accomplished, it was identified that the discarded waste belonged to the categories of small appliances; computer equipment and telecommunications; consumer equipment and photovoltaic panels; lighting equipment and toys and sports and leisure equipment. The study has shown yet that the City Hall provides municipal campaigns and an ecoponto for the discard of WEE and that a large part of the local commerce does not have implanted the RL system for the electronic products. Finally, it was possible to verify that there is no specific municipal legislation for such waste and that Municipal Plan of Integrated Solid Waste Management does not mention the duties of consumers and manufacturers. In addition, it was observed that the municipal management complies with the Municipal Plan of Integrated Solid Waste Management and that the same does not happen, totally, in the local commerce. Thus, it was verified that there are actions being carried out in the municipality for the RL of the WEE, mainly by the municipal management, and still it was verified the need for a greater participation of the commercial establishments and the consumers in this system.