Produção de óleos microbianos por leveduras do gênero Saccharomyces spp.

Abstract

The search for alternative fuels has been gaining prominence in recent decades, this way the use of fuels derived from microbial biomass, has been pointed out as a technical alternative capable of minimizing environmental problems. The yeasts stand out among the microorganisms for the biotechnological potential in accumulating lipids. Microbial lipids are similar to (traditional) vegetable oils serving as an alternative to the production of biofuels as a source of renewable energy. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the lipid production and determine your composition in terms of fatty acids present in the biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast species from the brewing industry and Saccharomyces boulardii (Repoflor®, Legrand). To optimize biomass production of S. boulardii, a factorial experimental design 2 (4-0) was used and a rotational composite central design 22 was applied. The biomass yield of S. boulardii, was determined by gravimetry and your lipids extracted for determination of the fatty acid profile. According to the experimental design proposed and based on the experimental results, the experimental test 06 of the rotational composite central design 22 presented the best condition for the production of biomass of S. boulardii being the medium used for its growth consisting of 34.14% of glucose and 0.20% of ammonium sulfate. The potential of accumulation and lipid profile of yeasts S. cerevisiae and S. boulardii was different, and S. cerevisiae presented accumulation of 0,11% of lipids and 11 fatty acids were identified in the fatty acid profile and S. boulardii presented accumulation of 0,55% of lipids and in the profile of fatty acids 18 fatty acids were identified. Both yeasts studied are potential producers of lipids with a fatty acid profile suitable for food and biofuel production.