Codigestão anaeróbia de dejetos suínos e carcaças desidratadas de suínos

Abstract

The search for natural resources and inputs have become increasingly exploited due to development and demographic growth. Food, derived from farming, tends to follow the exponential development at national level, to supply the Brazilian population, and at international level, to keep the moving of the exports trade and logistics to diverse countries and continents. As the socioeconomic development previous study and planning are conducted in a failure manner, it begins to emerge environmental economic problems. Environmental liabilities from agricultural production are starting to achieve large proportions and soon it comes to the knowledge of public organizations, which needs to mitigate or solve these problems in a sustainable and planned way, in order to fulfill the standards, laws, policies and current environmental treaties in the country and abroad. Considering the national energy crisis, there is the possibility to concile and mitigate the environmental impact related to swine farming in a sustainable manner, allowing the generation of renewable electricity. The anaerobic codigestion of manure and swine carcasses was performed with assistance of bioreactors, and may has as its products biogas and biofertilizers. Biogas can be used to generate of thermal or electric energy, while biofertilizers can be applied in farming, after appropriate treatments. Initially, using a dehydrator, the carcasses were pretreated and processed. Subsequently, batch tests on specific methanogenic potential of codigestion of carcass and animal manure were conducted, along with analysis of different substrates before and after the tests incubation. The tests regarding carcass codigestion without swine manure (520-560 Nml ∕ gSVadicionado.), provided higher production of methane when compared to the experiments of carcass codisgestion with swine manure (120-150 Nml ∕ gSVadicionado.). However, the system becomes more unstable without swine manure, presenting a higher concentration of volatile organic acids and ammonia, which may lead no inhibition. Finally, the organic matter, which was considered useless or without financial value, can be added in the carbon credit market, generate clean energy after adequate procedures and eventually return to the soil as biofertilizer, closing a systemic and sustainable cycle.