Comparação de diferentes técnicas de restauração ecológica pelo uso da comunidade de formigas epiedáficas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) no sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

The fragmentation of the remnants of the Atlantic Forest biome characterizes the difficulty in maintaining the conservation and preservation of the species of fauna and flora present by plant and soil degradation. Soil fauna communities reflect the quality of functioning of forest areas, behaving as bioindicators of environmental quality in remaining areas and in the process of ecological restoration. The aim of the present work is to compare areas under different ecological restoration techniques through the community of soil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in southwestern Paraná. The study was carried out using a database from collections previously held in November 2010 and April 2011, by the pitfall type of trapdoors, at the UNEPE Restoration of the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Dois Vizinhos campus. The individuals of Formicidae were separated into morphotypes and identified at generic level by means of specific literature and taxonomic keys. The genera were then classified for functional guilds, also according to up-to-date studies. Quantitative data were used to obtain data on richness, abundance, relative frequency, Shannon index and Pielou index. Data were also submitted to Similarity Analysis (ANOSIM) to observe the ant community differentiation and, when present, were submitted to Similarity Percentage Analysis (SIMPER) to observe the groups contributing to the dissimilarity found. A total of 5895 individuals, 10 subfamilies, 37 genera and 8 functional guilds were identified. The subfamilies Myrmicinae, Formicinae, Dolichoderinae and Ponerinae showed higher frequency in both collections. In 2010 the forest showed a higher index of Shannon (2,12) and Pielou (0.72), indicating a better distribution of the organisms. In 2011, planting technology in high diversity showed a higher Shannon index (1.84) and greater richness among all treatments (24), surpassing the others. Throughout the evaluation period, planting technology in high diversity presented the best results regarding the epiedaphic ant community.