Potencial de duas espécies arbóreas nativas para a melhoria da qualidade climática de centros urbanos

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the potential for improving climate in urban centers provided by two native tree species commonly used in street tree: Sibipiruna (PoincianellaPluviosavarpeltophoroides) and IpêAmarelo (Handroanthuschrysotrichus) aiming at the selection of suitable species to improve quality of urban climate. The study was developed in road greening the campus of Federal Technological University of Paraná in DoisVizinhos – Paraná, where we selected five representative samples of the studied species implanted in the campus, totaling 10 specimens evaluated on a period of 12 months monitored fortnightly during 03 consecutive days during three times, whereas, under the canopy of these individuals, at 5 and 15 m away from them in full sun, where the following variables were measured: temperature (° C) andrelative humidity (%), surface temperature (° C), light (lux) and wind speed (ms-1). The index was benchmarked seasonally specific shade under deciduous character of the species evaluated. After the evaluations the field, the indices were assigned specific shading, thermal comfort through the ISO 7730 standard, and visual comfort, they were analyzed statistically using theTukey test (5.0% error)mean comparison tests. The results showed that the area of shading and canopy projection was greater for Sibipiruna giving her the best kind of feature to minimize temperatures and solar radiation which is indicated for the seasons of spring and summer. The Ipê showed better thermal comfort in the near surroundings during the autumn and winter due to increased permeability of sunlight by the canopy. But there are some factors to be considered in the selection of species, and the rate of urbanization, the direction of the winds, and the position in which the rising and setting sun, as they directly influence the potential for improving climatic conditions for afforestation. In general, the correct combination afforestation and urban furniture, directly benefits the surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and luminous comfort. The IpêAmarelo species indicated for the southern region to compose the urban areas with greater movement in the commercial period, due to greater comfort in the autumn and winter seasons, and Sibipiruna most recommended for afforestation of residential areas, with greater improvement in climatic conditions in the period from 9 to 18 hours.