Análise fitossociológica e dendrométrica de espécies arbóreas em sistemas agroflorestais - Dois Vizinhos - PR

Abstract

The SAF’s are production models that appear as an alternative to the conventional system (monoculture). Floristic and phytosociological studies in SAF's can provide information about the relationships between plant communities and soil and climatic influences. Studies of species may show growth potential for these systems. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytosociological and conditions dendrometric tree species in agroforestry systems in the municipality of Dois Vizinhos, Paraná. This study was conducted in three areas of agroforestry 0.5 ha, with average spacing of 2 x 2 meters, deployed inside the city of Two Neighbors, communities Piracema, São Francisco and Barra do Lageado Grande. The SAF's were deployed in oct/nov 2011 without standardization. To evaluate the growth and diversity of agroforestry systems , the census took place three agroforestry areas where quantitative data were measured as stem diameter ( Dc ) , DAP (diameter at breast height ) when existing and diameter of the end of bole ( Dff ) , using a digital caliper , total height (H) , the first fork height ( Hb) , canopy height ( Hc ) , using a stick graduated in cm and 4 rays canopy using rod and graduated / or tape , the latter to compose the calculations area and canopy volume . To make the calculation of the volume of the branches was measured diameter at both ends thereof, as well as its length. The SAF’s study showed 35 species in 29 genera and 19 families, and families of greater wealth Myrtaceae (7 spp.) , The Rutaceae (5 spp.) And Lauraceae (3 spp.). Getting the Shannon diversity (H) equal to 2.2035 and evenness (e) of 0.6198. When evaluating the species that had the highest average stem diameter were Archontophoenix alexandrae the Gallesia integrifolia , the Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Nectandra lanceolata . Analyzing the total height of the species observed that Alchornea sidifolia was the species that showed greater prominence. Already observing the variable diameter canopy species that had higher averages were Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Psidium guajava , the Gallesia integrifolia , and Alchornea sidifolia , these being the same species that stood out in the middle of the canopy area . The species had better average canopy volume were Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Alchornea sidifolia , Gallesia integrifolia , the Psidium guajava , and Citrus sinensis . However, when analyzing the average bole volume of species we can see that the species that stood out were the Araucaria angustifolia and Cedrela fissilis, these native species with high timber potential, which can be of great economic importance for the future system.