Teste de progênies de Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret, resultantes de melhoramento genético participativo, em sete locais no Sul do Brasil

Abstract

The pineapple-guava [Acca sellowiana (o. Berg) Burret] is a species native to southern Brazil and northeastern Uruguay, with high potential, compared to other fruit species widely cultivated. Although it is quite studied, the genetic improvement in Brazil still not produced varieties adapted to different soil and climate conditions of your naturally occurring area. The present study aims to evaluate points of Southern Brazil performance and adaptation during the vegetative phase and beginning of the reproductive phase of progenies from crosses between 10 A. sellowiana arrays from a breeding program with a participatory approach, characterized segregating populations from crosses between 10 arrays with superior features identified by farmers and identifying top best adapted to conditions progenies from each site evaluated, especially in relation to survival and growth characteristics. The pinnapleguava plants were evaluated at 40 months old, being measured: (a) height in centimeters from the ground to the top of the cup; (b) crown diameter measured in centimeters, obtained by the average between two measurements of the cup; (c) basal area of the neck of the plant in square centimeters; (d) mortality rate; (e) percentage of plants that flourished and (f) fruited. Growth data were submitted to normality and homogeneity analysis, beyond ANOVA with medium separation by Tukey test to 5% on software R. The analyses of rates of flowering, fruiting and mortality have been made through PAST software. And the analysis of environmental stratification, environmental dissimilarity and adaptability and stability of the progenies were performed on the software GENES. Considering all the analysis, it is concluded that the preferred cultivation local to the progenies is Ipê-RS, while the marginal place of cultivation is Dois Vizinhos-PR. The progenies with higher general performance, location-independent until now were 1001xHelena and 1006xPomar, the same thatshowed better performance in Ipê-RS as well. While the best progenies for Dois Vizinhos-PR were 1001xHelena, 1006xHelena and 1013xPomar, and the worst were 1004x1035 and 1051x1035 progenies. Caçador-SC best progenies were 1006xHelena, 1013xPomar and 1001xHelena, on the other hand was the 1067x1003 has the worse results. While the environments Vacaria-RS, Pairaí, Maquiné-RS and Rio do Sul-SC showed homogeneous for all reproductive performance progenies evaluated, so, it is not possible to pre-decide the preferred or marginal cultivation in these locations. Complementary studies are needed to evaluate the quality, stability of production and productivity of fruits of these plants each site and in addition to this first reproductive cycle evaluated in this study.