Modelagem e análise do impacto hídrico na agricultura no Brasil: estudo para o ano de 2016

Abstract

The use and constant expansion of irrigation in Brasil is a relevant topic for research and publications, including the impact on the country’s water usage. This work displays a modelling and analysis of the water stress caused by the water consumptive usage in the agricultural production of the 30 crops that had the highest economical impact in Brasil in 2016 (being 10 of them presented in this paper), aiming to regionalize this indicator for the Brasilian situation utilizing nacional data and to identify the hotspots where this data is critical. The study presents the maps and obtained results, besides their analysis, considering the agricultural production of each city and meteorological data inside it’s first approach, the inclusion of pedological data (soil relative data) for soybean modeling inside it’s second approach and the calculation and analisis of two water scarcity indicators in it’s last approach. The methodological process is based onto the CROPWAT methodology (proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) for irrigation calculation, methodologies of precision agriculture for soil considerations and characterization fator methodologies (AWARE and Red Water) to calculate the water scarcity caused. The comparison between soil and nonsoil cases confirmed that the soil inclusion presents more refined and concentrated results, also with greater modules. The results for each culture presented edible beans, sugarcane and soybeans as with the greater water scarcity impact. It was characterized five critical regions of the indicator in Brasil, being the line between south of Maranhão state and west of Bahia state the most relevant.