Avaliação ergonômica de trabalhadores de uma instituição de ensino superior: relação da aptidão física com a capacidade para o trabalho

Abstract

The ergonomic analysis of work makes it possible to elucidate different contexts about the work environment and the individual who works in it. This study was a research carried out in a Higher Education Institution (HEI), with the aim of relating the physical aptitudes (PA) of workers with the score obtained by the Work Ability Index (ICT) questionnaire, in workers from four sectors of the HEI. The ergonomic evaluation of work makes it possible to analyze different situations about individuals, whether physical or psychological, and to draw up plans for prevention or recovery of health. The functions performed by workers at an HEI can be affected by the individual's PA, which involves cardiovascular capacity (CC), flexibility and body composition (CompW), while influencing professional performance. In this sense, the general objective of this study was to relate the ICT score with the PA of CC, flexibility and CompC. This objective was broken down into the following specific objectives: analysis of the relationship between the functions performed at the HEI and the PA; the relationship of individuals and their particularities with the ICT; relationship of the ICT with each of the investigated PAs. As a methodology, initially, the intervention instrument Knowledge Development Process-Constructivist (PROKNOW-C) was used to search and select a bibliographic portfolio of articles in the literature, which served to build the theoretical foundation and design the research instruments. Subsequently, the research opportunities were identified, questionnaires were applied to the workers and the data analysis consisted of a statistical analysis with simple linear regression. The results were presented as regression coefficients (β), with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and validated by the Akaike information criteria (AIC) and the Bayesian Schwarz Criterion (BIC). The analysis of the results obtained by the relation of sociodemographic, physical and ICT data in 52 participants, shows that most of the study participants have low PA and that the teaching and coordination functions have higher ICT scores compared to the role of Customer Service. Finally, a relationship of 1.03 negative points of ICT was observed for each 1% CompC, thus establishing a negative relationship between the AF of CompC and the ICT. The PA of cardiovascular capacity (CC) and flexibility did not indicate relationships with the results of ICT of the researched individuals. The study made possible the implementation of programs to collect physical skills every six months and gymnastics in the company studied, as well as pointed to the possibility of deepening research involving physical skills in more sedentary functions within an HEI.